关系代词-英语的关系代词有哪些及用法详解

雪域流沙更新于2017-07-14 16:55  浏览 手机访问

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定语从句修饰复合句中的名词或代词,通常把这个被修饰词叫做先行词,把引导定语从句且在从句中作主语、宾语或定语的引导词叫做关系代词。

关系代词的分类

关系代词有主格,宾格和属格(所有格)之分,并有指人与指物之分。that的用法最广,that 可指人也可指物。见表:

  限定性指人 非限定性指物 限定性指物
主格 who/that which that
宾格 whom/that which that
属格 whose of which/whose of which/whose

一、指人的关系代词。

主格——who,用在动词前,作主语。

属格——whose,用在名词前作定语。

宾格——whom,用在主语、谓语动词的前面,作动词或介系词的宾语。

二、指物的关系代词。

主格——which,用在动词前,作主语。

属格——whose,用在名词前作定语。

宾格——which,用在主语、谓语动词的前面,作动词或介系词的宾语。

三、指人或物的关系代词。

主格——that,用在动词前,作主语。

属格——whose,用在名词前作定语。

宾格——that,用在主语、谓语动词的前面,作动词或介系词的宾语。

四、其它关系代词。

but,as,than作关系代词引导定语从句

but既可指人,也可指物,常在定语从句中充当主语。but本身含"否定"的意思,其作用相当于"that /which /who...not"。它前面的主句通常有"否定"的词(如:no,not, little,few,hardly等)。but引导的肯定定语从句和否定的主句连用,达到强烈肯定的修饰效果。例如: There is no mother but loves her own children.(=There is no mother that/who does not love her own children.)没有不爱自己孩子的母亲。

as既可指人,也可指物,常在限制性定语从句中充当主、宾、表语。as引导的定语从句的先行词前面常有as /such /the same等修饰词。例如: ①He is as brave a man as ever lived.他是世界上最勇敢的人。 ②Don’t read such books as are not worth reading.不要读那些不值得读的书。 as作关系代词,还可用来引导非限制性定语从句,as引导的定语从句可放在句首、句中或句末。例如: ① Taiwan,as we all know,is an inseparable part of China. ②As we all know,Taiwan is an inseparable part of China. ③Taiwan is an inseparable part of China, as we all know.

than前通常有表比较的词。例如:Fewer friends than we had expected came to our evening party.来参加晚会的朋友比我们预料的还要少。

在使用上述三个特殊的关系代词时,还要注意区分下列两个词组: 1."such...that..."表"如此……以致……"的意思,用来引导一个结果状语从句;而"such...as..."表"像……这(那)样"的意思,用来引导定语从句,as在定语从句中充当主、宾、表语等。试比较下列两个句子: ① He is such an honest man that we respect him.他是一个如此诚实的人以致我们都尊敬他。 ② He is such an honest man as we respect.他像我们所尊敬的那种诚实的人。 2."the same...that..."表同一人或物,而"the same...as..."表同种类的东西。试比较下列两个句子: ①This is the same book that I lost.这就是我丢失的那一本书。(指同一本书) ②This is the same book as I lost.我丢失的那一本书一模一样。(并不是原来的那一本)

关系代词的用法

关系代词(that, who, whom, whose, which)所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。

例1. Is he the man who/that wants to see you?(who / that在从句中作主语,指人)

例2. He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.(whom / that在从句中作宾语,指人)

例3. They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.(whose在句中作定语,指人)

例4. Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.(whose在句中作定语,指物。若指物,它还可以同of which互换)

例5. The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作carry的宾语,指物)


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