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高中无敌英语语法 第7章 2. 虚拟语气在一些从句中的用法

高中无敌英语语法 第7章 2. 虚拟语气在一些从句中的用法

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1 在宾语从句中的用法

1. 在suggest,insist,order,demand,request,command,propose,desire 等动词后作宾语从句时,表示欲望、建议、命令等时,用虚拟语气。
句型:主语+should(可省略)+动词原形www.51jjcn.cn/yfdq/2456.html
注意
在本句型中只能用should,不可以用would,could,might 等别的词代替。另外,在现代英语中,should 常被省略。
The PLA men ordered that all the enemy(should) give up.
解放军战士们命令所有的敌人都投降。
They requested that the students(should)learn the second language.
他们要求学生们要学第二外语。
He proposes that we(should)work out a plan first.
他建议我们先订一个计划。
I suggest that we(should) visit that school.
我建议我们参观那所学校。
The chairman of the meeting insisted that we(should)take up the problem at the meeting.
会议主席坚决主张我们在会上讨论这个问题。
a. suggest 的用法
suggest 有两种意思:
当“建议”解:后面的宾语从句才用虚拟语气。
当“暗示”、“略微透露”、“表明”解:后面的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。
He suggests that she should leave the house at once.
他建议她立刻离开这房子。
His face suggested that he was angry.
他的脸色表明他生气了。
The teacher’s tone suggested he didn’t care about it.
老师的语调暗示(表明)他对这件事不关心。
注意
suggest +动名词(不能跟不定式)
He suggested going there at once.
他建议立即去那儿。
b. insist 的用法
insist 和suggest 一样,有两种意思:
当“坚称说”解,不用虚拟语气。
当“坚决要求”,“硬要”解,它后面的宾语从句才用虚拟语气。
He insisted that he was innocent.
他坚称他是无辜的。
He insisted that they(should) show him their passports.
=He insisted on their(them)showing him their passports.
他坚决要求他们向他出示护照。
注意
insist on doing sth.
He insisted on his innocence.
他坚称自己是无辜的。
2. 在wish 后的宾语从句中需要用虚拟语气,而在虚拟语气中时态的应用类似在非真实条件句中从句时态的应用→ 时态后移
a. 与现在(当时)事实相反的愿望(用过去时)
句型:主语+ wish +从句(主语+过去时⋯)
I wish I were you.
我但愿我是你多好啊。
How I wish it wasn’t raining!
现在要是不下雨该多好啊!(我多么希望现在不下雨。)
b. 与过去事实相反的愿望(用过去完成时)
句型:主语+wish+从句(主语+过去完成时⋯)
I wish I had learned more.
我多么希望我以前多学一些啊!
He wishes he hadn’t made the big mistake.
他要不是犯那个大错误,该有多好!
c. 与将来的愿望相反即愿望难以实现(用过去将来时)
句型:主语+wish+从句(过去将来时)
I wish I could be of more use in the future.
我希望我将来有点儿用处。
The last chance has been lost. How he wishes he would have another chance.
最后一次机会他也失去了,他多么希望他能再有一次机会啊!
比较 比较wish 与hope
wish+从句,表示不可能实现的愿望,必须用虚拟语气。
hope+从句,表示可能实现的事实,不能用虚拟语气。
He hopes that we will go there with him.
他希望我们和他一起去。(有可能实现)
He wishes we would go there with him.
他多么希望我们和他一起去那儿啊!(可惜实现不了)
注意
wish to do;wish sb. to do 是属不定式的句型,不是虚拟。
I wish to do it.
我希望去做这件事。
I wish you to do it.
我希望你去做这件事。

2 在主语从句中的用法

用necessary 等词,表示建议、要求、惊奇等时,要用虚拟语气。
句型:
①.It is natural (suggested,necessary,requested,ordered,
proposed,important,surprising,strange,funny)+that+主语+should
(可省略)+V(动词原形)
②.It is a pity(a shame,no wonder,a honour)+that+主语
+should(可省略)+动词原形
It is strange that he (should) go himself.
真奇怪,他怎么自己独自去呢?
It is a pity that you (should) miss a good chance.
真遗憾,你失去了这么好的机会。
It has been decided that the sports meet (should) be put off
till next month.
已经决定了,把运动会推迟到下个月。
注意
左边这些句子也可以用陈述语气,而不表示情绪。

3 在表语从句和同位语从句中的用法

用suggestion 等词表示愿望、建议、命令等情绪时,用虚拟语气,从句中用should(可省略)+动词原形
常用的词有: suggestion , proposal , order , insistence ,extraordinary,plan,idea 
My suggestion is that we (should) do the experiment again.
(表语从句)
我的建议是再做一次试验。
My suggestion that we (should) do the experiment again is accepted by them.(同位语从句)
我的再做一次试验的建议被他们所接纳。
His proposal is that they (should) challenge the other groups to a friendly competition.(表语从句)
他提议(建议)是他们和别的组挑战进行一场友谊竞赛。
His proposal that they (should) challenge the other groups to a friendly competition is praised by the teacher.
他的提议:他们和别的组挑战,来一场友谊竞赛,受到了老师的表扬。
注意
和主语从句一样,如果不表示建议、命令、愿望等情绪,不用虚拟语气,而用陈述语气。

4 在宾语从句中的虚拟语气

It is(was)(high)time that + 主语+ should + V.or
It is(was)(high)time that+主语+过去时
表示该干什么了,而没有干。
此句型中should 不能省略。
比较
It is time that you should have a class.
=It is time that you had a class.
可该上课了。(早已该上课了,你们为什么不上课?)
It is time(for you) to have a class.
该上课了。(上课的时间到了)(刚刚打铃或马上就要打铃时)
比较
It is (high) time you should leave
=It is (high) time you left
你早就该离开了。(该走了)(可你还没走)
It is time (for you) to leave
你该走了。(提醒)

5 虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法

1. 在目的状语从句中的虚拟
a. that(so that,in order that)+主语+may(might)+动词原
形(为了⋯⋯,以便⋯⋯)表肯定目的
主句为现在时或将来时时,从句用may。
主句为过去时时,从句用might。
so that 除了可引导目的状语从句外,也可引导纯粹表结果的从句。
在从句中通常用can(could)或不加助动词。
in order that 只能表示目的,在三个引导目的状语从句的连词中,
只有它可放在句首。
比较
They got up early so that they might catch up the train.(目
的)
=They got up early in order that they could catch up the train.
(表目的)
他们早起,这样就能赶上火车。
They got up early so that they caught up the train.(结果)
比较
他们早起,结果他们就赶上了火车。
The foreigner spoke slowly in order that (so that) I could (might) understand him.(目的)
这位外国人说得很慢,好让我能听懂他讲的话。
The foreigher spoke slowly so that I understand him. (in order that 只能表示目的)
这位外国人讲得很慢,这样我能听懂他所讲的话了。
说明
目的状语从句用may(might)比较正式,但也可用can(could),will(would),should,在口语中尤以can(could)最常用。b. lest +主语+should+动词原形 表否定目的(为了不⋯⋯,以免⋯⋯)
 lest 引导的状语从句可以换成that,so that,in order that 接否


比较 as if (thought)和seem(appear) seem,appear,as if,as though 都是表示“好像”,但前两者与后两者在含义和用法方面均不相同:
seem 和appear 是叙述事实或近乎事实,要用陈述语气。
as if 和as though 是指事实上不是但好像是,要用虚拟语气。
He seems (to be) honest. 他好像很诚实。
It seems that he is honest.
He appears (to be) drunk. 他好像喝醉了。
It appears that he is drunk.