冒号(colon :)的用法

来源于未知   雪域流沙发布   2017-07-27 11:47更新  浏览

A colon means "that is to say" or "here's what I mean." Colons and semicolons should never be used interchangeably.
一个冒号的意思是“说”或“这是我的意思”。冒号和分号不能互换使用。

1. 用于一系列项目

Use a colon to introduce an item or a series of items. Do not capitalize the first item after the colon (unless it's a proper noun).
使用冒号引入一个项目或一系列项目。不要使用大写字母在冒号之后的第一个条目(除非它是一个专有名词)

Examples:

You know what to do: practice.
You may be required to bring many things: sleeping bags, pans, utensils, and warm clothing.
I want the following items: butter, sugar, and flour.
I need an assistant who can do the following: input data, write reports, and complete tax forms.

1b. A capital letter generally does not introduce a word, phrase, or incomplete sentence following a colon.

Examples:

He got what he worked for: a promotion
He got what he worked for: a promotion that paid a higher wage.

2. 不于面冒号的情况

Avoid using a colon before a list if it directly follows a verb or preposition that would ordinarily need no punctuation in that sentence.
如果在句子中直接使用动词或介词,通常不需要标点符号,那么就避免在冒号前使用冒号。

Not recommended: I want: butter, sugar, and flour.
Recommended: I want butter, sugar, and flour.

OR

Here is what I want: butter, sugar, and flour.
Not recommended: I've seen the greats, including: Barrymore, Guinness, and Streep.
Recommended: I've seen the greats, including Barrymore, Guinness, and Streep.

3. 用于说明开始一个列表

When listing items one by one, one per line, following a colon, capitalization and ending punctuation are optional when using single words or phrases preceded by letters, numbers, or bullet points. If each point is a complete sentence, capitalize the first word and end the sentence with appropriate ending punctuation. Otherwise, there are no hard and fast rules, except be consistent.

Examples:

I want an assistant who can do the following:

  1. input data
  2. write reports
  3. complete tax forms

The following are requested:

  • Wool sweaters for possible cold weather.
  • Wet suits for snorkeling.
  • Introductions to the local dignitaries.

These are the pool rules:

  1. Do not run.
  2. If you see unsafe behavior, report it to the lifeguard.
  3. Did you remember your towel?
  4. Have fun!

4. A colon instead of a semicolon may be used between independent clauses when the second sentence explains, illustrates, paraphrases, or expands on the first sentence.

Example: He got what he worked for: he really earned that promotion.

If a complete sentence follows a colon, as in the previous example, authorities are divided over whether to capitalize the first word. Some writers and editors feel that capitalizing a complete sentence after a colon is always advisable. Others advise against it. Still others regard it as a judgment call: If what follows the colon is closely related to what precedes it, there is no need for a capital. But if what follows is a general or formal statement, many writers and editors capitalize the first word.

Example: Remember the old saying: Be careful what you wish for.

5. Capitalize the first word of a complete or full-sentence quotation that follows a colon.

Example: The host made an announcement: "You are all staying for dinner."

6.

Capitalize the first word after a colon if the information following the colon requires two or more complete sentences.
如果冒号后面的信息需要两个或两个以上的完整句子,那么冒号后面的第一个词大写。

Example:

Dad gave us these rules to live by: Work hard. Be honest. Always show up on time.

7. 用于引用多个句子之前

If a quotation contains two or more sentences, many writers and editors introduce it with a colon rather than a comma.
如果引用内容包括两个或多个句子,许多作者或编辑用冒号而不是逗号来引用它。

Example:

Dad often said to me: "Work hard. Be honest. Always show up on time."

8. 用于引用正文之前

For extended quotations introduced by a colon, some style manuals say to indent one-half inch on both the left and right margins; others say to indent only on the left margin. Quotation marks are not used.
由一个冒号引出引用内容,一些手册说左右两边各缩进半英寸;另有手册说仅左边缩进。不需要引号把内容阔起来。

Example:

The author of Touched, Jane Straus, wrote in the first chapter:

        Georgia went back to her bed and stared at the intricate patterns of burned moth wings in the translucent glass of the overhead light. Her father was in "hyper mode" again where nothing could calm him down.

9. 用于商务信函中称呼后

Use a colon rather than a comma to follow the salutation in a business letter, even when addressing someone by his or her first name. (Never use a semicolon after a salutation.) A comma is used after the salutation in more informal correspondence.
在商务信函中,用冒号而不是逗号来称呼对方,即使用某人的名字称呼某人也是如此。(在称呼之后,不要使用分号。)在非正式的问候语后面使用逗号。

Examples:

Dear Ms. Rodriguez:
Dear Dave,

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