独立主格是“句子中充当状语成分的简单主谓结构”。它是一个带有自己的主语的状语从句。其形式多为“名词（名词短语/代词）+不定式（ing分词/ed分词/形容词/副词/介词短语）”，这里要介绍的是“名词（名词短语/代词）+ 不定式的情况”。
由不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示还未发生的动作或状态，在句中常作原因状语，偶尔作条件状语。
在“名词/代词+动词不定式”这类独立主格结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，动词不定式则用主动的形式；如果是动宾关系，则用被动形式。
名词（代词）+不定式独立主格例句
His friends to come tonight,he is busy preparing the dinner.
他朋友今晚要来，所以正忙着准备晚餐呢。
No one to wake me up,I might be late for the first class.
如果没人叫醒我，我会错过第一节课的。
Lots of homework to do, the little boy had to stay home all day.
由于有很多家庭作业要做，小男孩只好一整天待在家里。
No house to live in, the beggar had to sleep in the cave.
由于没有房子可居住，乞丐只好睡在山洞里。
I sent you 100 dollars today, the rest to follow in a year.
我今天给你100美元，剩下的在一年内接着给.
We divided the work, he to dean the window and I to sweep the floor.
我们分了工，他擦窗户，我扫地。
A number of officials followed the emperor, some to hold his robe, others to adjust his girdle and so on.
许多官员尾随皇帝之后，有的拎着皇帝的衣袍，有的则给他整腰带，等等。
He is leaving for the conference next week, all expenses to be paid by his company.
他下周去参加一个会议，所有费用由他的公司支付。
The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book.
我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一
Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.
种上许多的树、花和草后，我们新建的学校看上去将更美。