高中无敌英语语法 第8章 3. 倒装

雪域流沙更新于2014-12-27 18:51  浏览 手机访问

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主语和谓语的顺序分为两种:
1.自然语序:主语+谓语
2.倒装语序:谓语+主语

倒装语序又分为部分倒装和全部倒装两种。
部分倒装: 谓语中的一部分(如助动词、情态动词或系动词be)放在主语前面,其余部分仍在主语后面。例:
①Only in this way can we work out the physics problem. (情态动词)
只有用这种方法,我们才能解出这道物理题来。
②Never had he had any experience like that. (助动词)
他从来没经历过这样的事。
③Not only is he a singer,but (also) he is a dancer.
他不仅是一位歌唱家,而且还是位舞蹈家。
全部倒装:句子中没有助动词、情态动词或系动词be 时,要所谓语动词放在主语的前面。例:
①Here comes the bus. 汽车来了。
②Up went the arrow into the sky.
飕的一下子箭射上了天。
③The door opened and in came a group of soldiers.
门一开,一群士兵闯了进来。
注意这时如果主语是人称代词,则主谓不倒装。
Here he comes. 他来了。
Away they went. 一下子他们就走了。
Here you are. 给你。
Here we are. 我们到了。
英语中,从形式上分为部分倒装和全部倒装,我们为了便于理解,还可以把它 分为语法性倒装,这是由于语法上的需要而必须倒装的句子,还有一种是修饰性的倒装,顾名思义,这些句子如果不是特意加以强调,可以不必倒装。

1 语法性的倒装

1.各种问句需要倒装
Are you against the plan?
你反对这项计划吗?
What do you like best?
你最喜欢什么?
2.there be 句型中,主谓必须倒装



Hard as steel is, it will bend or break under the action of a strong force.
钢虽很硬,但在强力作用下也会弯曲或断裂。
b.n(不带冠词)+as+主语+系动词be
注意
在此句型中,句首的单数可数名词前面不用冠词。
King as he is, he is unhappy.
= Although (Though) he is a king, he is unhappy.
= He is a king, but he is unhappy.
虽然他是个国王,可是他并不快乐。
Scientist as she is, she wants to learn more.
= Although she is a scientist, she wants to learn more.
虽然她已经是位科学家了,她还是想继续学更多东西。
c.adv+as+主语+动词
Much as I lisk it, I won’t buy it.
= Although (Though) I like it, I won’t buy it.
= I like it, I won’t buy it.
虽然我很喜欢它,但我还是不买它。
Fast as you run, you can’t catch up with him.
尽管你跑得很快,你也赶不上他。
d.V+as+主语+助动词
Try as she does, she will never pass it.
= Although she tries, she will never pass it.
= She tries but she will never pass it.
无论她怎样努力,她也不会通过的。
Search as they would. they could find no sign of the boy.
无论他们怎么寻找,也未能发现那个男孩的踪影。

2 修辞性的倒装

除了语法性倒装之外,有些倒装是由于修辞的原因而采用的,叫做修辞性倒装。


little 几乎没有;一点也不
说明
little 置于know, think, imagine, guess, dream, expect,reactive 等有关思考、意识的动词前面时,little=not at all,译为一点也不。
Barely does he have enough money to live on.
= He barely has enough money to live on.
他几乎没有足够的钱为生。
By no means is translation easy.
= Translation is by no means easy.
翻译绝不是一件简单的事。
Little did I think that I would lose the game.
= I didn’t think at all that I would lost the game.
我根本没想到我会输掉这场比赛。
在上面表格所列的否定词中,有几个词是强调两个动作的紧密相接,特别依序说明如下:
a.hardly⋯when⋯ 一⋯⋯就⋯⋯
Hardly did he see me when he ran away.
= As soon as he saw me, he ran away.
b.scarcely⋯when⋯ 一⋯⋯就⋯⋯
Scarcely had the baby cried when the nurse rushed to carry him.
= The nurse rushed to carry him as soon as the baby cried.
婴儿一哭保姆就赶快去抱他。
c.no sooner⋯than⋯ 一⋯⋯就⋯⋯
No sooner had they reached home than it rained.
= It rained as soon as they reached home.
他们一到家就下起雨来了。
d.not only⋯but also⋯ 不但⋯⋯而且⋯⋯
注意
①.not only⋯but also⋯如果连接两个句子,则第一个句子倒装,
第二个句子不倒装,见左例。
②.Not only⋯but also⋯如果强调的是主语,句子则不倒装。
Not only I (is invited) but also my younger sister is invited.
不但我而且我妹妹也被邀请了。
Not only did I make promise, but I also kept it.
= I not only made a promise, but (also) I also kept it.
我不但许下诺言,我也(遵守)实现了诺言。
Not only is he a scientist, but also he is a painter.
He is not only a scientist, but also (he is) a painter.
他不仅是位科学家,而且还是位画家。
2.副词(短语)的倒装
用here, then, now, thus, such, there, so, only then, nolonger
等副词为首的句子中,要倒装表示特别强调的语气。
Then came the time we had been looking forward to.
=The time we had been looking forward to came then.
我们一直盼望的时刻终于来到了。
Summer begins in June. Then come July and August.
= Summer begins in June. July and August come then.
夏天自六月开始,然后就是七月和八月。
Here are some ideas which will help you to overcome the difficulties.
以下是一些想法,它们可以帮助你们克服一些困难。
比较
He was very angry. Not a word did he say.
他非常生气,一句话也没说。
(强调一句话也没说。)
He was very angry. He didn’t say a word.(语气平淡)
比较
Never again shall I be late for school.
我上学再也不迟到了。
I shall never be late for school.

只有她妈妈被邀请了。
4.频度副词在句首时须倒装
频度副词always, often,once 出现在句首时,句子要倒装
Often did we warn them not to do so.
= We often warned them not to do so.
我们曾多次警告他们不要这样做。
Always will we remember the importance of meeting.
= We will always remember the importance of the meeting.
我们将永远记住这次会议的重要性。

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