不及物动词(Intransitive Verb)

2017-07-20   手机访问

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英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语,可以把动词分为及物动词(Transitive Verb)与不及物动词(Intransitive Verb),缩写形式分别为vt.和vi.。

不及物动词是指本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词。也称“自动词”、“内动词”。不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象(即宾语)。若不及物动词后要跟宾语,必须先在其后添加上某个介词,如to,of,at后方可跟上宾语。例句:

It happened in June 1932. 这件事发生于一九三二年六月。

He is looking around. 他环顾四周。

如果想接宾语,动词后面必须加上介词:

False: He is looking me.

Right: He is looking at me.

常用的不及物动词

go  come   move  take  off  fail   work  die  lie  live  rise  succeed  listen  look  agree  arrive  sit  sail  happen  take  place  occur  arise  break  out  belong  exist  hurry  fly  roll  stay  come  up  come  about  communicate  travel  fight  struggle  graduate  smile  nod  swim  skate  settle  fall  disagree  flow  cycle  boil  survive  explode  sink  debate  compete  deal  respond  specialize  react  dash  quarrel  speed  weep  slim  stare  scream  glare  flee  slip  differ  object  hesitate  talk

及物动词与不及物动词的区别

1)及物动词后接宾语,不及物动词后面不须接宾语即可表达完整意思,不及物动词后如接宾语需加介词。

2)及物动词可构成被动语态,不及物动词不能构成被动语态。

兼作及物动词和不及物动词

英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况:

a) 兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变。试比较:

Shall I begin at once? 我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词)

She began working as a librarian after she left school. 她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(begin作及物动词)

When did they leave Chicago? 他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的?(leave作及物动词)

They left last week. 他们是上周离开的。(leave作不及物动词)

b) 兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同。试比较:

Wash your hands before meals. 饭前要洗手。

Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗?

If you work hard, you will succeed. 如果你努力工作,你会成功的。

If you work hard, you will succeed John as the manager of this company. 如果你努力工作,你会接任约翰成为公司的经理。

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