比较下面句子
找出这几个句子在句式结构上有何不同，找出错误的句子并说明原因。
1.It was sunny that day and we went camping in the forest.(正确)
2.It was sunny that day,we went camping in the forest.(错误)
3.It was sunny that day,so we went camping in the forest.(正确)
4.It being sunny that day,we went camping in the forest.(正确)
句1是用连接词and连接的两个句子，句2错两个句子用，分开不正确，句3构成so引导的状语从句，句4是独立主格结构做状语。
独立主格的构成有类型
1.构成：“名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语”=“逻辑主语+逻辑谓语/表语”。
2.作用：相当于状语从句，表示方式或伴随的状态或动作；有时也表示时间、原因、条件。
3.独立主格的结构类型：
1）名语/代词+现在分词（具有主动意义）
2）名语/代词+过去分词（具有被动意义）
3）名语/代词+形容词
4）名语/代词+不定式
5）名语/代词+介词短语
6）名语/代词+副词
7）There being/It being结构
4.“with/without+宾语+补语”=“with/without+独立主格结构”，表示伴随、原因或条件。
专项练习题
1.It _____ heavily,the game had to be delayed.
A. was snowing B.snowing C.snowed D.had snowed
2._____,the lecture began.
A.The listeners having taken their seats B.Having taken their seats
C.Taking their seats D.The listeners to take their seats
3._____,Tom went out to play.
A.There was nothing to do B.There had nothing to do
C.As there had nothing to do D.There being nothing to do
4._____,the leaves are beginning ______.
A. Autumn comes...to fall B.Autumn coming... to fall
C. As autumn coming ... falling D.Autumn to came ... falling
5._____,the patient can leave the hospital.
A.Better conditions B.Conditions better C.Conditions are better D.Being better conditions.
6._____,the patient can leave the hospital.
A.If better conditions B.If conditions better
C.If conditions are better D.Being better conditions
7._____,we'd like to go outing.
A.Being Sunday B.Sunday OK C.Sunday is OK D.If Sunday OK
8._____,we'd like to go outing.
A.If Sunday is Ok B.Sunday being OK C.Sunday Ok D.A B and C
9._____,you can wait a while.
A.The play being still on B.The play still on C.Being still on the play D.A and B
10._____,so you can wait a while.
A.The play is still on B.The play Being still on C.As the play is still on D.The play still on
Keys:1-5 BADBB 6-10 CBDDA
独立主格结构表达的意义
1.表示伴随的动作或状态、方式或补充说明。
2.说明时间或顺序
3.表示原因。
4.表示条件。
专项练习题
1.The man rushed into the house,his face _____ under his cap.
A.hiding B.having hidden C.hidden D.to hide
2._____ no bus,we had to walk home.
A.There being B.Being C.Having been D.There was
3._____ no bus,we had to walk home.
A.As there being B.As there was C.Being D.There was
4._____ Sunday,the library doesn't open.
A.Being B.There being C.It being D.Having been
5._____ Sunday,the library dosen't open.
A.As it being B.Being C.It is D.As it is
6._____,the train started.
A.The signal given B.Giving the signal C.The signal being given D.The signal giving
7._____,the train started.
A.After having given the signal B.After the signal given
C.Giving the signal D.After the signal was given
8._____,the text became easier for us to lean.
A.Explaining new words B.New words explained
C.Being explained new words D.Having explained new words
9._____,the text became easier for us to lean.
A.When new words were explained B.Explaining new words
C.New words explaining D.Being explained new words
10.So many problems _____,I'm in a tight corner.
A.settled B.remained to settle C.being settled D.remaining to be settled
11.The speech _____,a lively discussion started.
A.being delivered B.was delivered C.be delivered D.having been delivered
12.My money _____,I have to do some part-time job _____ my living.
A.has run out ... earning B.is running out ... to earn
C.has been run out ... earning D.running out ... to earn
13._____,we don't have to go home on foot.
A.There comes a bus B.Coming a bus there C.There coming a bus D.Because the bus coming
14.The meeting _____ over,we all left the room.
A.is B.to be C.being D.would be
15.European football is played in 80 countries,it ____ the most popular sport in the world.
A.making B.makes C.made D.to make
16._____ such heavy pollution already,it may now be too late to clean up the river.
A.Having suffered B.Suffering C.To suffer D.Suffered
17.The fish _____ bad,the children left much of ____ it.
A.tasted,untouched B.tasting,untouched C.tasting,untouching D.tasted,untouching
18.______ from what you say,he ought to succed.
A.Judged B.Judging C.When you judged D.Because you judge
19.Everything _____ into consideration,they ought to have another chance.
A.to take B.taken C.to be taken D.taking
20.Time _____,I'll drop in on you while visiting your hometown.
A.permit B.permitted C.being permitted D.permitting
21.The boy followed the nobleman here,_____.
A.a sword in hand B.a sword in his hand
B.being a sword in hand D.sword in hand
22.The boy followed the nobleman here _____.
A.with a sword in his hand B.with a sword in hand
C.with a sword being in hand D.a sword being in hand
23.He left the office,_____.
A.tears being in eyes B.tears in eyes C.being tears in eyes D.with tears being in eyes
24.He left the office ______.
A.with tears being in eyes B.with tears in her eyes
C.being tears in eyes D.tears being in eyes
Keys: 1-5 CAB CD 6-10 AD BAD 11-15 DDG CA 16-20 ABB BD 21-24 DABB