主谓一致的六种考查方式

来源于未知   雪域流沙发布   2020-07-21 16:51更新  浏览

主谓一致是高考必考的考点,下面总结了19年试卷中主谓一致的六种考查方式。

一、与动词时态结合起来考查

【考例】 Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ______ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. (2019年,全国卷Ⅰ)

【解析】根据three are declining可知,此处的数词six作主语,指代前文中的polar bear subpopulations,所以谓语动词应该用复数,又因为整体时态为一般现在时,因此填are。

【高分技巧】主谓一致和动词时态一起考查时,可以把动词时态作为切入点,先判断句子应该使用的时态,再判断谓语动词的单复数。

二、利用“就近一致”原则考查

【考例】 Also, because cheerleading isn’t yet recognized as a sport by many schools, neither proper matting nor high enough ceilings _____ (provide) to ensure safety. 

【解析】neither ... nor ... 连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与离其最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致。provide和ceilings构成被动关系,因此填 are provided。

【高分技巧】考查主谓一致的“就近一致”原则的常用词组有not only ... but also ...、 not ... but ...、 either ... or ...、neither ... nor ...等,这些词组在连接并列主语时,谓语动词的单复数要与离其最近的主语的单复数保持一致。

三、在主语后有短语、从句等插入语

【考例】 The musician along with his band members ______ (give) ten performances in the last three months. (2019年,江苏卷)

【解析】 the musician作主语,谓语动词应该用单数形式,而与 along with his band members无关,因此填 has given。

【高分技巧】“单数名词或单数代词 + but / besides / except / including / like / with / along with / as well as / rather than / such as / together with + 名词或代词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。在分析题干时,要学会排除主语后的短语、从句等插入语的干扰,这样才能提高答题的准确率。

四、在倒装句中考查主谓一致

【考例】 That’s because there ______ (be) a number of automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use. 

【解析】句子主语为a number of automation technologies,中心词为technologies,因此谓语动词用复数形式 are。

【高分技巧】倒装可分为全部倒装和部分倒装两种形式。由于句子使用了倒装语序,谓语动词的一部分或全部放在了主语之前。对于这种试题,可先依据倒装知识找准句子的主语,然后再依据主谓一致的相关知识判断谓语动词的单复数。

五、考查谓语动词使用单数时的情况

【考例】 What I want _____ (be) not just an ordinary cafe but a very special one. I want my cafe to have a special theme such as “Tang Dynasty”. 

【解析】从句作主语时谓语动词应该用单数形式。结合语境可知,空格处应该用一般现在时,因此填 is。

【高分技巧】 谓语动词使用单数的情况有:

1. 不定式、动名词(短语)或主语从句作主语时;
2. “many a +单数名词”作主语时;
3. “more than one +单数名词”作主语时;
4. each、either、neither、another作主语或修饰主语时;
5. “a kind of / a sort of / a type of / a series of / a pair of / a piece of +名词”作主语时;
6. “分数 / 百分数 / most / some / half + of +单数名词(population除外)、不可数名词或单数代词”作主语时;
7. 学科名词、以-s结尾的单数名词、以-s结尾的书名或报纸名、杂志名、地名等作主语时;
8. something、somebody、everything、everybody、anything、anybody、nothing、nobody等不定代词作主语时;
9. and连接的两个并列主语指同一人、同一物、同一整体或同一概念时,或and连接的两个并列主语前有each、every、many a、no等词修饰时;
10. “a lot of / lots of / plenty of / a little / little / much / a great deal of / a good deal of / a large amount of +不可数名词”作主语时;
11. “the number of +复数名词”作主语时;
12. “the amount of +不可数名词”作主语时。

六、考查谓语动词使用复数时的情况

【考例】In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut ______ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing. (2019年,全国卷Ⅰ)

【解析】主语是复数名词 some Inuit people,谓语动词应该用复数形式,结合标志性状语 in recent years和语境可知,空格处应该用现在完成时,因此填 have reported。

【高分技巧】谓语动词使用复数的情况有:

1. people、police、cattle等集体名词作主语时;
2. “(large) quantities of +可数名词或不可数名词”作主语时;
3. 群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名词作主语时;
4. “分数/百分数/ most / some / half + of + the population”作主语时;
5. 以-s结尾的clothes、goods、contents、sales、the Olympic Games等作主语时;
6. “several / few / a few / many / a great many / a good many / a number of +复数名词”作主语时;
7. “the rest /分数/百分数/ most / some / half + of +复数名词或复数代词”作主语时;
8. “the +形容词或过去分词”作主语指人时;
9. 表示由两个相同部分组成的作主语时,如chopsticks、compasses、glasses、scissors、shoes、socks、stockings、trousers、boots等(但若此类名词被 a kind of、a pair of修饰时,谓语动词用单数)。

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